Table 1.
Overview of intervention activities and healthy lifestyle information.
| Construct | Activity | Content |
|---|---|---|
| Perceived susceptibility | Basic education on HT and DM | Definitions and diagnosis of HT and DM; risk factors and high-risk subjects for CVDs; living a healthy lifestyle and the association with disease; main modifiable behavioural risk factors (BRFs) |
| Cardiovascular risk stratification and information provided to participants | Classification of BP and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels; high-risk-group screening for normal BP and FPG participants; cardiovascular risk and subclinical organ damage assessment for HT and DM participants; participants informed of the evaluation results | |
| Perceived severity | Extended education on HT and DM | Prevalence and disease burden of HT, DM and their cardiovascular complications; lifestyle and behavioural risk factors (including obesity, smoking, excess alcohol intake, unhealthy diets, physical inactivity, medication non-adherence) and the short- and long-term consequences |
| Perceived benefits | Guidance of lifestyle modification | Preventability of HT, DM and CVDs; health benefits of reducing BRFs; appropriate methods for changing and maintaining specific BRFs (including weight loss, smoking cessation, reduction in daily alcohol consumption, sodium and fat intake, increase in daily intake of vegetables and fruits, importance of engaging in physical exercise and tips for treatment adherence) |
| Behavioural skills training | Self-monitoring of weight, BP and FPG; diary recording of main BRF changes; developing a schedule and action plan | |
| Regular BRFs and health assessment | Schedule clinical contacts and health review; feedback on the assessment | |
| Perceived barriers | Training and Counselling | Identifying obstacles; problem-solving and decision-making skills; information and social support for coping with negative events and seeking assistance |
| Cues to action | Material delivery and phone contact | Self-education materials for HT and DM management (pamphlet, textbook, films and educational prescription); phone contacts for information support and follow-up reminder |
| Self-efficacy | Goal-setting and behavioural training | Provide achievable short-term goals for behavioural changes and BP, FPG control; regular follow-ups; check the status of goal attainments; behavioural training for goal-setting and self-reinforcement |