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. 2014 Nov 19;11:102. doi: 10.1186/s12977-014-0102-z

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© Madison et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Human semen contains exosomes loaded with coding mRNA. (A) RNA analysis with the Bioanalyzer revealed that SE contains different RNA species. Arrows show peaks for 18 s, 28 s, and the horizontal line represents small RNA. (B and C) PCR analysis of tetraspanin (CD9 and CD63) mRNA and host restriction factors (HRFs) mRNA present in paired SE and spermatozoa samples. Numbers 1 to 5 represent different donors. GAPDH is present in SE and spermatozoa and was used as loading control.