Table 5.
Age-specific symptoms/signs and laboratory features of patients with influenza, dengue, and other febrile illnesses
| Variable | Age ≤18 years | Age >18 years | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inf vs. Den (Inf, n = 445; Den, n = 24) | Inf vs. OFI (Inf, n = 445; OFI, n = 130) | Inf vs. Den (Inf, n = 81; Den, n = 124) | Inf vs. OFI (Inf, n = 81; OFI, n = 45) | |
| Symptom/signa (n [%]) | ||||
| Rhinorrhea | 297 (66.7) vs. 0*** | 297 (66.7) vs. 65 (50)** | 36 (44.4) vs. 0*** | 36 (44.4) vs. 8 (17.8)** |
| Cough | 311 (69.9) vs. 3 (12.5)*** | 311 (69.9) vs. 94 (72.3) | 45 (55.6) vs. 35 (28.2)*** | 45 (55.6) vs. 18 (40)* |
| Sore throat | 163 (36.6) vs. 4 (16.7) | 163 (36.6) vs. 27 (20.8)** | 44 (54.3) vs. 20 (16.1)*** | 44 (54.3) vs. 16 (35.6) |
| Malaise | 141 (31.6) vs. 14 (58.3)* | 141 (31.6) vs. 8 (6.2)*** | 42 (51.9) vs. 81 (65.3) | 42 (51.9) vs. 13 (28.9)* |
| Headache | 125 (28.1) vs. 11 (45.8) | 125 (28.1) vs. 21 (16.2)** | 24 (29.6) vs. 51 (41.1) | 24 (29.6) vs. 12 (26.7) |
| Vomiting/nausea | 106 (23.8) vs. 8 (33.3) | 106 (23.8) vs. 33 (25.4) | 10 (12.3) vs. 35 (28.2)** | 10 (12.3) vs. 4 (8.9) |
| Diarrhea | 54 (12.1) vs. 3 (12.5) | 54 (12.1) vs. 19 (14.6) | 3 (3.7) vs. 12 (9.7) | 3 (3.7) vs. 7 (15.6)* |
| Abdominal pain | 34 (7.6) vs. 4 (16.7) | 34 (7.6) vs. 14 (10.8) | 6 (7.4) vs. 27 (21.8)** | 6 (7.4) vs. 4 (8.9) |
| Joint pain | 18 (4) vs. 6 (25) | 18 (4) vs. 7 (5.4) | 8 (9.9) vs. 68 (54.8)*** | 8 (9.9) vs. 3 (6.7) |
| Orbital pain | 0 vs. 2 (8.3)** | 0 (0) vs. 2 (1.5) | 0 vs. 15 (12.1)** | 0 vs. 0 |
| Rashes | 5 (1.1) vs. 11(45.8)*** | 5 (1.1) vs. 0 | 0 vs. 77 (62.1)*** | 0 vs. 0 |
| Dyspnea | 24 (5.6) vs. 1 (4.1) | 24 (5.6) vs. 1 (0.8)* | 17 (3.7) vs. 2 (1.6)*** | 17 (3.7) vs. 0** |
| Drowsiness | 10 (2.2) vs. 0 | 10 (2.2) vs. 0 | 3 (3.7) vs. 0 | 3 (3.7) vs. 0 |
| Seizures | 6 (1.3) vs. 0 | 6 (1.3) vs. 0 | 2 (2.5) vs. 0 | 2 (2.5) vs. 0 |
| Laboratory characteristics | ||||
| Leukopenia (WBC <3.0 × 109 cells/L) (n/N [%]) | 6/231 (2.6) vs. 14/23 (60.8)*** | 6/231 (2.6) vs. 1/116 (0.8) | 3/52 (5.8) vs. 68/123 (55.3)*** | 3/52 (5.8) vs. 3/36 (8.3) |
| Platelet count 149-100 × 109 cells/L (n/N [%]) | 24/189 (12.6) vs. 6/23 (26) | 24/189 (12.6) vs. 2/106 (1.9)** | 14/49 (28.6) vs. 21/123 (17.1) | 14/49 (28.6) vs. 3/27 (11.1) |
| Platelet count <100 × 109 cells/L (n/N [%]) | 3/189 (1.6) vs. 12/23 (52.2)*** | 3/189 (1.6) vs. 2/106 (1.9) | 4/49 (8.2) vs. 97/123 (78.9)*** | 4/49 (8.2) vs. 1/27 (3.7) |
Inf = influenza; Den = dengue; OFI = other febrile illnesses; WBC = white blood count; n/N = number of patients/total number of patients with data available.
*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001.
aAn individual patient might have more than one symptom/sign.