FIG. 2.

Steatotic liver shows acute OS and injury immediately after PH. (A) Blood biochemistry shows immediate liver injury after PH in the db/db steatotic mouse liver. Histologically, sporadic necrosis in the peri-portal areas (area surrounded by arrows) and neutrophil infiltration (inset) are observed at 24 h after PH. (B) Bio-imaging of liver OS after PH. Emission from the roGFP fluorescent probe was measured directly at the exposed liver surface, imaged, and quantified. Photographs are representative images of the dynamic changes in hepatic redox states (oxidation: green to blue; reduction: orange to red). Early post-PH, OS is observed in the db/db steatotic liver. For each experiment, the intensities of the hepatic roGFP signals are plotted relative to the pre-PH values. (C) Bio-imaging of liver caspase-3 activity after PH. The pcFluc-DEVD probe emitted signals at 4–24 h post-PH in the remnant liver of db/db mice, with no evident signal in the control liver. Data in the graph are expressed as mean±SEM and are expressed relative to the pre-PH control. (D) Apoptotic cell death is markedly increased at 4 h post-PH in the steatotic liver. Results are expressed as mean±SEM of five independent experiments; p<0.05 was considered statistically significant (A–D). Each experiment was performed five times, and representative photographs are shown (B, C). OS, oxidative stress; roGFP, reduction-oxidation–sensitive green fluorescent protein. To see this illustration in color, the reader is referred to the web version of this article at www.liebertpub.com/ars