Table 1.

Comparison of suicide genes for adoptive immunotherapy.

Category	Technology	Source	Activating agent	Mechanism(s)	References
Metabolic	HSV-TK	Virus	GCV	1. Phosphorylated nucleotide disrupts DNA with cell death; 2. Apoptosis	Moolten, 1986; Bonini et al., 1997; Tiberghien et al., 2001; Ciceri et al., 2007, 2009; Vago et al., 2009; Oliveira et al., 2012
	CD	Bacteria, fungi	5-FC	Conversion of 5-FC to cytotoxic 5-FU	Tiraby et al., 1998
Dimerization inducing	iFAS	Human	Small molecule dimerizer	Dimerization and induction of apoptosis	Spencer et al., 1996
	iCasp9	Human	As above	As above	Spencer et al., 1993; Clackson et al., 1998; Di Stasi et al., 2011; Zhou et al., 2014
Therapeutic mAb mediated	CD20	Human	Anti-CD20 mAb	Complement dependent/antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity	Introna et al., 2000; Serafini et al., 2004; Griffioen et al., 2009
	RQR8	Human	Anti-CD20	As above	Philip et al., 2014
	c-myc	Human	Anti-cmyc	As above	Kieback et al., 2008
	EGFR	Human	Anti-EGFR	As above	Wang et al., 2011

Legend: HSV-TK, herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase; GCV, ganciclovir; CD, cytosine deaminase; 5-FC, 5-fluorocytosin; 5-FU, 5-fluorouracil; iFAS, inducible FAS; iCasp9, inducible Caspase9; mAb, monoclonal antibody; EGFR, Epidermal growth factor receptor.