Table 1.
List of all studies reporting in vivo molecular MRI of brain immune interactions in the last 15 years.
| Target | Contrast carrying particle | Targeting moeity | Species | Experimental model | Reference |
| Macrophages | USPIO (Sinerem) diameter: 35 nm | Untargeted | Male Wistar rats | Ischemic Stroke: transient MCAo (60 min) by intraluminal filament | Farr et al. (2011) |
| Macrophages | USPIO (Sinerem) diameter: 35 nm | Untargeted | Male Lewis rats | EAE model: induction by 20mg of guinea pig myelin basic protein | Oude Engberink et al. (2010) |
| Macrophages | USPIO G 534-70 (ferumoxtran,Sinerem) diameter: 35 nm | Untargeted | Male Wistar rats | Ischemic Stroke: photo-sensitive dye rose induced a ischemic lesion in the right sensorimotor cortex | Saleh et al. (2004b) |
| Macrophages | USPIO AMI-227 (Sinerem) diameter: 40 nm | Untargeted | Male Fischer rats | Ischemic Stroke: transient MCAo (30 min) by intraluminal filament | Rausch et al. (2002) |
| Macrophages | Anionic iron oxide nanoparticles (AMNP) | Untargeted | Sprague-Dawley rats | Ischemic Stroke: transient MCAO (60 min) intraluminal filament | Riou et al. (2013) |
| Macrophages | USPIO AMI-227 (Sinerem) diameter: 40 nm | Untargeted | Female Lewis rats | EAE model: induction with xenogenic CNS proteins (guinea pig spinal cord). | Rausch et al. (2004) |
| Macrophages | VSOP (VSOP-R1 ) diameter: 7 nm | Untargeted | Female SJL/J mice |
EAE model: induction 200μg of PLP (proteolipid protein) | Millward et al. (2013) |
| Macrophages | SPIO (Feridex) diameter: 60 μm | Untargeted | Male C57BL/6J mice | Traumatic Brain Injury model: induced by a controlled cortical injury. | Mills et al. (2012) |
| Macrophages | USPIO AMI-227 (Sinerem) diameter: 40 nm | Untargeted | Rat | Ischemic Stroke: cortical ischemic lesion (Rose Bengal) | Schroeter et al. (2004) |
| Macrophages | USPIO AMI-227 (Sinerem) diameter: 40 nm | Untargeted | Male Lewis rats | EAE model: induction with xenogenic CNS proteins (guinea pig spinal cord). | Rausch et al. (2003) |
| Macrophages | USPIO AMI-227 (Sinerem) diameter: 40 nm | Untargeted | Male Fischer rats | Ischemic Stroke: permanent MCAO by electrocoagulation | Rausch et al. (2001) |
| Macrophages | USPIO AMI-227 (Sinerem) diameter: 40 nm | Untargeted | Female Lewis rats | EAE model: induction with xenogenic CNS proteins (guinea pig spinal cord). | Dousset et al. (1999b) |
| Macrophages | SPIO (Resovist) diameter: 40 nm | Untargeted | Female rats | EAE model: induction with human MOG | Ladewig et al. (2009) |
| Macrophages | MPIO diameter: 0.9 μm | Untargeted | Male C57BL/6J mice | TBI model: induced by a controlled cortical injury. | Foley et al. (2009) |
| Macrophages | USPIO AMI-227 (Sinerem) diameter: 40nm | Untargeted | Male Swiss mice | Ischemic Stroke: permanent MCAO | Desestret et al. (2009) |
| Macrophages | USPIO AMI-227 (Sinerem) diameter: 40 nm | Untargeted | Female Lewis rats | EAE model: induction with myelin basic protein (MBP) | Baeten et al. (2008) |
| Macrophages | USPIO (Sinerem) diameter: 40 nm and SPIO (Endorem) diameter: 120 nm | Untargeted | Male Lewis rats | Ischemic Stroke: photo-sensitive dye rose induced a cortical ischemic lesion | Oude Engberink et al. (2008) |
| Macrophages | USPIO Ferumoxtran-10 (Sinerem) diameter: 35 nm | Untargeted | Male Swiss mice | Ischemic Stroke: permanent MCAO by electrocoagulation | Wiart et al. (2007) |
| Macrophages | USPIO AMI-227 (Sinerem) diameter: 40 nm | Untargeted | Female DA rats | EAE model: induction with xenogenic CNS proteins (guinea pig spinal cord). | Brochet et al. (2006) |
| Macrophages | USPIO AMI-227 (Sinerem) diameter: 40 nm | Untargeted | Female Lewis rats | EAE model: induction with xenogenic CNS proteins (guinea pig spinal cord). | Dousset et al. (1999a) |
| Macrophages | USPIO AMI-227 (Sinerem) diameter: 40 nm | Untargeted | Female Lewis rat | EAE model: induction with xenogenic CNS proteins (guinea pig spinal cord). | Berger et al. (2006) |
| Macrophages | USPIO 7228 diameter: 30 nm | Untargeted | Male Lewis rats | EAE model: induction with myelin basic protein (MBP) | Floris et al. (2004) |
| Macrophages | SPIO Feridex diameter: 40 nm | Untargeted | Male SHR/NCrl rats | Ischemic Stroke: transient MCAo (30 min) by intraluminal filament | Henning et al. (2009) |
| Macrophages | USPIO AMI-227 (Sinerem) diameter: 40 nm | Untargeted | Human | Stroke | Saleh et al. (2007) |
| Macrophages | USPIO SHU555C diameter: 25 nm | Untargeted | Human | Multiple sclerosis | Vellinga et al. (2008)) |
| Macrophages | USPIO SHU555C diameter: 25 nm | Untargeted | Female DA rats | EAE model: induction with rat MOG | Chin et al. (2009) |
| Macrophages | USPIO SHU555C diameter: 25 nm | Untargeted | Human | Multiple sclerosis | Vellinga et al. (2009) |
| Macrophages | SPIO (Resovist) diameter: 40 nm | Untargeted | Male Wistar rats | Ischemic Stroke: cortical ischemic lesion (Rose Bengal) | Kleinschnitz et al. (2003) |
| Macrophages | SPIO (Resovist) diameter: 40 nm | Untargeted | Male rats | Ischemic Stroke: transient MCAo (60 min) by intraluminal filament | Kim et al. (2008) |
| Macrophages | USPIO AMI-227 (Sinerem) diameter: 40 nm | Untargeted | Human | Stroke | Nighoghossian et al. (2007) |
| Macrophages | SPIO (Resovist) diameter: 40 nm | Untargeted | Female DA rats | EAE model: induction with human MOG | Ladewig et al. (2009) |
| Macrophages | SPIO (Resovist) diameter: 40 nm | Untargeted | Male Sprague Dawley rats | Peripheral and central nerve injury: left sciatic and optic nerves were crushed | Bendszus and Stoll (2003) |
| Macrophages | USPIO AMI-227 (Sinerem) diameter: 40 nm | Untargeted | Human | Multiple sclerosis | Dousset et al. (2006) |
| Macrophages | USPIO (ferumoxtran-10) diameter 30 nm | Untargeted | Human | Multiple sclerosis | Manninger et al. (2005) |
| Macrophages | USPIO (Sinerem) diameter: 30 nm | Untargeted | Human | Severe internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis | Trivedi et al. (2006) |
| Macrophages | USPIO AMI-227 (Sinerem) diameter: 40 nm | Untargeted | Human | Socioeconomic deprivation in elderly stroke/transient ischaemic attack and control medical patients | Cho et al. (2007) |
| Macrophages | USPIO AMI-227 (Sinerem) diameter: 40 nm | Untargeted | Male C57Bl/6J mice | Ischemic Stroke: Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion by clip (30 or 60 mins) | Denes et al. (2007) |
| Macrophages | monocrystalline iron oxide nanocolloid diameter: 4 nm | Untargeted | Male hypertensive rats | Ischemic Stroke: occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery by homologous blood clot | Dijkhuizen et al. (2002) |
| Macrophages | USPIO (Sinerem) diameter: 18 nm | Untargeted | Human | Stroke | Kooi et al. (2003) |
| Macrophages | USPIO | Untargeted | Sprague–Dawley rats | Ischemic Stroke: transient MCAO intraluminal filament | Yang et al. (2013) |
| Macrophages | SPIO (Resovist) diameter: 40 nm | Untargeted | Male pigs | hemorrhage model: sonication to open the BBB transcranially |
Liu et al. (2011) |
| Mononuclear cells | VSOP C200 diameter: 62 nm | Spleen-derived MNCs | 129/SV mice or C57/B6-GFP | Ischemic Stroke: transient MCAo (30 or 60 min) by intraluminal filament | Stroh et al. (2006) |
| T cells | SPIO (Ferumoxides) diameter: 120 nm | T-Cell isolated lymph node cells | Female SJL mice | EAE model: induction of PLP (proteolipid protein) | Anderson et al. (2004)) |
| CD4+ T cells | USPIO (MACS) diameter: 30 nm | Antibodies against CD4+ T cells | Sprague–Dawley rats | ALS model: expressing mutated (G93A) human SOD-1 | Machtoub et al. (2011) |
| CD4+ T cells | USPIO (MACS) diameter: 30 nm | Antibodies against CD4+ | Female Wistar rats | Ischemic Stroke: global cerebral ischemia reversible by cardiac arrest | Sekeljic et al. (2012) |
| ICAM-1 | MPIO (ProMag) diameter: 2 μm | Monoclonal antibody targeting ICAM-1 (YN1/1.7.4) | Female C57BL/6J mice | EAE model: induction with MOG | Blezer et al. (2014) |
| ICAM-1 | Paramagnetic polymerized liposomes diameter: 200 nm | Monoclonal antibody targeting ICAM-1 | SJL/J mice | EAE model: induction of PLP (proteolipid protein) | Sipkins et al. (2000) |
| ICAM-1 | MPIO (ProMag) diameter: 1.05 μm | Monoclonal antibody targeting ICAM-1 (YN1/1.7.4) | Male C57Bl/6 mice | Ischemic Stroke: transient MCAO (30 min) by intraluminal filament | Deddens et al. (2013) |
| ICAM-1 | SPIO diameter: 120 nm | Antibody targeting ICAM-1 (BD Biosciences) | Female Lewis rats | EAE model: induction with xenogenic CNS proteins (guinea pig spinal cord) | Schneider et al. (2009) |
| VCAM-1 | MPIO (MyOne) diameter: 1.08 μm | Monoclonal antibody targeting VCAM-1 (clone A429) | Male C57Bl/6 mice | Ischemic Stroke: Permanent (electrocoagulation, FeCl3) and transient MCAO (Thrombin, Mechanical); Hemorrhage model: striatal injection of collagenase type VII and exogenous blood | Gauberti et al. (2013) |
| VCAM-1 | MPIO (myOne) diameter: 1.08 μm | Monoclonal antibody targeting VCAM-1 (clone M/K2) | Male C57Bl/6 mice | Ischemic Stroke: transient MCAO (30 min) intraluminal filament | Hoyte et al. (2010) |
| VCAM-1 | MPIO (myOne) diameter: 1.08 μm | Monoclonal antibody targeting VCAM-1 (clone M/K2) | Female SJL mice (8–12 wk old, 25 g; Harlan, Bicester, UK) | EAE model: induction of PLP (proteolipid protein) | Serres et al. (2011) |
| VCAM-1 | USPIO (P03007) diameter: 26 nm | Monoclonal antibody targeting VCAM-1 (MCA 2297) | Male Swiss albino mice | Ischemic Stroke: transient MCAO (60 min) intraluminal filament | Fréchou et al. (2013) |
| VCAM-1 | MPIO (myOne) diameter: 1.08 μm | Monoclonal antibody targeting VCAM-1 (clone M/K2) | Female adult Biozzi antibody high (ABH) mice | CR-EAE model: induction of mouse spinal cord homogenate | Mardiguian et al. (2013) |
| VCAM-1 | MPIO (myOne) diameter: 1.08 μm | Monoclonal antibody targeting VCAM-1 (clone A429) | Male C57BL6/J mice | Alzheimer’s disease model: APP/PS1 mice Vascular dementia: Unilateral common carotid artery ligature EAE model: induction with MOG (rMOG 1-125) |
Montagne et al. (2012) |
| P-selectin | SPIO (MNP-NH2) diameter: 50 nm | Sialyl Lewis X (sLeX) | Male C57/BL 6 mice | Ischemic Stroke: transient MCAO intraluminal filament | Jin et al. (2009) |
| Selectin (P-E) | GD-DTPA (Magnevist). Gd-DTPA-B(sLeX) | Sialyl Lewis X (sLeX) | Male C57 mice | Ischemic Stroke: transient MCAO (30 min) intraluminal filament | Barber et al. (2004) |
| E-selectin | USPIO | Heptapeptide for E-selectin targeting (IELLQAR) | Female Sprague–Dawley rats | TBI model: fluid percussion | Chapon et al. (2009) |
| PECAM-1 | MPIO (ProMag) diameter: 1.05 μm | Monoclonal antibody targeting PECAM-1 | Male C57Bl/6 mice | Ischemic Stroke: transient MCAO (30 min) intraluminal filament | Deddens et al. (2013) |
| Myeloperoxidase (MPO) | bis-5HT-DTPA(Gd) | bis-5HT-DTPA(Gd) | Female SJL mice | Venous stenosis model: ligation of the right and left jugular veins EAE model: induction of PLP (proteolipid protein) | Atkinson et al. (2012) |
| MPO | DTPA(Gd) | bis-5HT | Female SJL mice | EAE model: induction of PLP (proteolipid protein) | Forghani et al. (2012)) |
| MPO | DTPA(Gd) | bis-5HT | Male New Zealand rabbits | Aneurysm model: induction by Elastase | DeLeo et al. (2009) |
| MPO | DTPA(Gd) | bis-5HT | Male C57/mice | Ischemic Stroke: transient MCAO (30 min) by intraluminal filament | Breckwoldt et al. (2008) |
| MPO | DTPA(Gd) | bis-5HT | Female SJL mice | EAE model: induction of PLP (proteolipid protein) | Chen et al. (2008) |