FIGURE 6.

Mitochondrial ROS production induced by ART can be inhibited by lysosomal inhibitor. A, HeLa cells were treated with ART with or without NAC for 24 h, followed by incubation with CM-H2DCFDA. The fluorescence intensity was analyzed by flow cytometry. B, HeLa cells were treated as in A, followed by incubation with MSR. The fluorescence intensity was analyzed by flow cytometry. C, HeLa cells were treated with ART with or without BAF (50 nm) for 24 h, followed by incubation with LTG for 30 min and then MSR in PBS for 15 min. The cells were then observed under a confocal microscope. Scale bar, 10 μm. D, HeLa cells were treated as in C, and fluorescence intensity of MSR was recorded by flow cytometry. E, HeLa cells were treated with ART with or without BAF (50 nm) or NAC for 48 h. The cell viability was quantified by flow cytometry using a PI exclusion assay. Data (mean ± S.D. (error bars)) are representative of three independent experiments (*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01, Student's t test). F, HeLa cells were treated with ART with or without BAF as indicated for 12 h, and Magic Red cathepsin B and L activities were then determined by flow cytometry.