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Illustration of the modulation term and the basic cosine relations by an undisturbed modulation term of the instrument response function like in an ideal empty beam measurement (blue line), a modulation term according to equ. (7) like assuming scattering causing a phase shift Δω of +/- π/5 (orange line) coinciding with the sum (dots) of half “intensity” modulations shifted in phase to π/5 and -π/5 like illustrated by gray dashed lines.
