Table 4.
Percent change in liver biomarkers for a doubling of blood metals levels, BioCycle Study (2005-2007)
| Biomarker | Metal |
Unadjusted %
changea (95% CI) |
Adjusted %
changea (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| AST (U/l) | Cadmium | −0.62 (−3.21, 2.10) | 0.95 (−1.91, 3.88) |
| Lead | 1.54 (−2.19, 5.48) | 3.33 (−0.82, 7.65) | |
| Mercury | −1.65 (−3.34, 0.07) | −1.54 (−3.25, 0.20) | |
| ALT (U/l) | Cadmium | −2.80 (−6.63, 1.12) | −1.44 (−5.54, 10.78) |
| Lead | 2.60 (−3.07, 8.52) | 4.24 (−1.92, 2.49) | |
| Mercury | −0.42 (−2.94, 2.10) | −0.14 (−2.71, 0.46) | |
| ALP (U/l) | Cadmium | −0.35 (−3.47, 2.95) | 0.22 (−3.02, 3.56) |
| Lead | −1.58 (−6.05, 3.03) | 1.42 (−3.24, 6.30) | |
| Mercury | −3.27 (−5.26, −1.24) | −2.28 (−4.22, −0.29) | |
| Bilirubin (mg/dl) | Cadmium | −3.87 (−7.02, −0.69) | −4.92 (−8.17, −1.55) |
| Lead | 1.40 (−3.21, 6.22) | −0.13 (−4.97,4.72) | |
| Mercury | 0.70 (−1.38, 2.88) | 0.36 (−1.75, 2.46) |
Adjusted for: age, race, BMI, smoking, average calorie intake, day, and average daily alcohol. Metals and kidney/liver biomarkers were log transformed and metals were modeled together.
a
Beta coefficients are presented as a percent change in the non-transformed outcome per 2-fold increase in non-transformed exposure using the formula: (2β−1 × 100).