Table 1.

Characteristics of LRRK2 substitutions associated with parkinsonism

Amino-acid variation	Position	Protein domain	Main phenotype	Risk ethnicty	Neuropathology	Ref
R1441C	Exon31	ROCc	PD	Middle European	Lewy bodies	[22]
					SN neuronal loss
					Neurofibrillary tangles
					Ubiquitin staining
R1441G	Exon31	ROCc	PD	Caucasian (Basque Country) Italy	SN neuronal loss	[28]
					Ubiquitin staining
R1441H	Exon31	ROCc	PD	NAb	Unknown	[23]
R1628P	Exon 34	CORc	PD	Chinese	Unknown	[24]
Y1699C	Exon 35	CORc	PD	NAb	Lewy bodies	[25]
					SN neuronal loss
					Neurofibrillary tangles(Stage IIa)
					Ubiquitin staining
G2019S	Exon 41	Kinase	PD	In virtually all the populations especially North African	Lewy bodies	[30, 32, 43]
					SN neuronal loss
					Neurofibrillary tangles (Stage Va)
					Ubiquitin staining
I2020T	Exon 41	Kinase	PD	NAb	Lewy bodies	[29]
					SN neuronal loss
R2385R	Exon 48	WD40	PD	East Asian	Unknown	[13]

^aStage refers to the highest reported Braak stage.

^b NA, Not applicable.

^c Roc: Ras of complex (GTPase). COR: C-terminal of Ras.