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. 2014 Nov 28;45(1):118. doi: 10.1186/s13567-014-0118-3

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© Kuchipudi et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Contrasting pro-inflammatory cytokine gene response between chicken and duck cells. In chicken cells at 24 h following infection with (A) LPAI H2N3, (C) H5N1-tyEng91 or (E) H5N1-tyTR05 viruses, mRNA expression levels of IL-6, IL-8 and LITAF were significantly up-regulated. In duck cells at 24 h following infection with (B) LPAI H2N3 (D) H5N1-tyEng91 or (F) H5N1-tyTR05 viruses, IL-6, IL-8 and LITAF mRNA levels were either significantly down-regulated or unchanged. Relative mRNA expression was determined by real-time PCR normalised to 18S rRNA. Data points are the mean of three biological replicates with error bars as standard deviation (*p < 0.05).