Table 3.

Multivariate analysis results for children’s stunting and underweight, IHS-2

Variable	Stunting odds ratio	95% confidence interval	Underweight odds ratio	95% confidence interval
Period of interview is September to February	0.80	(0.72,0.90)	0.77	(0.66,0.90)
Reference : March to August
Child characteristics
Female	0.80	(0.72,0.89)	0.72	(0.62,0.84)
Reference is Male
Age squared	0.69	(0.65,0.73)	0.92	(0.84,1.01)
Age	1.42	(1.34,1.51)	1.13	(1.03,1.23)
Child was ill	1.10	(0.99,1.23)	1.18	(1.01,1.38)
Reference: Child was not ill
Household characteristics
Annual household expenditure on food	0.92	(0.87,0.98)	0.97	(0.89,1.06)
Medium housing quality ( Household has a permanent roof or an improved floor)	0.91	(0.74,1.12)	0.65	(0.46,0.93)
High housing quality (Household has both a permanent roof and improved floor)	0.70	(0.58,0.86)	0.53	(0.37,0.75)
Missing	0.78	(0.32,1.86)	1.71	(0.66,4.41)
Reference: Poor Housing quality (household has neither a permanent roof nor an improved floor)
Household has a toilet facility	0.94	(0.80,1.11)	1.14	(0.89,1.46)
Missing	1.01	(0.46,2.18)	1.40	(0.55,3.55)
Reference: No toilet facility
Household has protected water source	0.88	(0.77,1.00)	0.80	(0.66,0.97)
Missing	1.21	(0.69,2.11)	0.89	(0.35,2.24)
Reference: No protected water source
Household head’s qualification:
Primary school certificate	0.89	(0.73,1.06)	0.78	(0.57,1.06)
Secondary school certificate or higher	0.84	(0.70,1.03)	0.71	(0.50,1.00)
Missing	1.00	(0.43,2.36)	0.51	(0.19,1.35)
Reference: No education)
Location characteristics
Central region	1.19	(1.03,1.39)	1.13	(0.90,1.42)
Southern region	0.96	(0.82,1.12)	1.03	(0.81,1.30)
Reference: Northern Region
Rural	0.93	(0.77,1.13)	0.81	(0.60,1.07)
Reference: Urban