Table 3.

Goodness-of-fit statistics for tests of invariance, for different gender groups of the hypothesized model: a summary

	Model description	χ 2	df	Δχ 2	Δdf	Statistical significance
	Baseline (male)	2841.7	74	-	-	-
	Baseline (female)	3029.5	74	-	-	-
1	Combined baseline model1	5871.2	148	-	-	-
2	Factor loadings, variances, and covariances constrained equal	5905.7	162	34.5	14	p<0.01
3	Factor loadings constrained equal	5903.1	159	31.9	11	p<0.01
4	Model 3 with factor loadings on resources constrained equal	5874.5	150	3.3	2	n.s.
5	Variances constrained equal	5871.4	150	0.2	2	n.s.
6	Covariances constrained equal	5873.8	149	2.6	1	n.s.
7	Covariances, resources, stress, exhaustion constrained equal	5874.7	151	2.9	3	n.s.
8	Covariances, resources, stress, exhaustion, self-efficacy constrained equal	5880.2	152	9	4	p<0.05
9	Model 8 with covariances, resources, stress, exhaustion, mental fatigue constrained equal	5884.5	153	13.3	5	p<0.05

¹The combined baseline model provides the cut-point against which all subsequent models will be compared.