Table 2.
The plant response to pathogen challenge.
| Plant Product | Function | Molecular description | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Reactive oxygen species (ROS) | Oxidative damage to pathogens | O’Brien et al. (2012) | |
| Nitric oxide radical | Signaling molecule | Mur et al. (2013) | |
| Phytoalexins | Anti-microbial | Low MW secondary metabolites | Ahuja et al. (2012) |
| Polyamines | Basic small molecules | Walters (2003) | |
| Cyclotides | Anti-microbial | Cyclic peptides (∼3 kDa) | Craik (2012) |
| Extracellular ATP | Signaling molecule | Nucleoside triphosphate | Chivasa et al. (2009) |
| Proteinase Inhibitor (PR-6) | Enzyme inhibition, interference with replication | Peptides (∼8 kDa) | Sels et al. (2008) |
| Defensins (PR-12) | Induced pathogen cell death | Basic peptides (∼5 kDa) | De Coninck et al. (2013) |
| Thionins (PR-13) | Increased pathogen plasma membrane permeability | Cysteine-rich peptides (∼5 kDa) | Stec (2006) |
| Lipid transfer proteins (LTPs, PR-14) | Increased pathogen plasma membrane permeability | Basic peptides (7 or 10 kDa) | Carvalho and Gomes (2007) |