Table 4.

Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) for 251 individuals in 11 populations of A. mongolicus and 168 individuals in seven populations of A. nanus

Species	Source of variation	d.f.	Sum of squares	Mean squares	Variance components	% total variance	P-value
A. mongolicus	Nested analysis
	Among regions	2	213·66	106·83	1·42	24·93	<0·001
	Among popns within region	8	452·22	29·82	1·17	20·68	<0·001
	Within popns	240	741·10	3·09	3·09	54·89	<0·001
	Analysis among popns
	Among popns	10	452·22	45·22	1·85	37·43	<0·001
	Within popns	240	741·10	3·089	3·09	62·57	<0·001
	Analysis among regions
	Among regions	2	213·66	106·83	1·89	32·44	<0·001
	Within regions	248	979·66	3·95	3·95	67·56	<0·001
	Analysis among popns within Inner Mongolia region
	Among popns	7	206·09	29·44	1·18	28·4	<0·001
	Within popns	172	511·32	2·97	2·97	71·6	<0·001
A. nanus	Among popns	6	71·047	11·841	0·429	21·62	<0·001
	Within popns	161	250·573	1·556	1·556	78·38	<0·001

P-values are the probabilities of having a more extreme variance component than the observed values by chance alone. Probabilities were calculated by 1000 random permutations of individuals across populations.