Whole-sky photograms of herbosa (A–C) and lignosa (D–F). (A) Phragmites communis, Imin = 4·5 %. (B) Miscanthus sacchariflorus, Imin = 1·2 %. (C) Helianthus tuberosus, Imin = 0·7 %. (D) Pinus densiflora, Imin = 28 %. (E) Castanea crenata, Imin = 13 %. (F) Cryptomeria japonica, Imin = 5 %.