Table 2.
Adherence of CML patients to TKI treatment as measured by the MMAS scale (n=86)
| MMAS 8 (high) | MMAS 6–7.75 (medium) | MMAS <6 (low) | Total, n (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total, n (%) | 20 (23) | 48 (56) | 18 (21) | 86 (100) |
| Age (years), median (range) | 62 (46–82) | 58 (31–83) | 49 (25–82) | |
| Sex, n (%) | ||||
| Male | 11 (25) | 23 (52) | 10 (23) | 44 (100) |
| Female | 9 (22) | 25 (61) | 8 (20) | 42 (100) |
| Time from diagnosis (years) | ||||
| Mean (range) | 4 (1–11) | 6 (1–17) | 5 (1–15) | |
| Median | 3 | 6 | 3 | |
| Medication, n (%) | ||||
| Imatinib | 16 (24) | 40 (59) | 12 (18) | 68 (100) |
| Dasatinib | 1 (10) | 6 (56) | 3 (33) | 9 (100) |
| Nilotinib | 3 (33) | 3 (33) | 3 (33) | 9 (100) |
| Line, n (%) | ||||
| First | 12 (26) | 26 (55) | 9 (19) | 47 (100) |
| Second | 5 (20) | 12 (48) | 8 (32) | 25 (100) |
| Third | 3 (23) | 10 (77) | 0 | 13 (100) |
| Fourth | 0 | 0 | 1 (100) | 1 (100) |
| Long-term doctor relationship, n (%) | ||||
| Yes | 15 (26) | 31 (53) | 12 (21) | 58 (100) |
| No | 5 (18) | 17 (61) | 6 (21) | 28 (100) |
| Treatment response, n (%) | ||||
| PCyRa | 0 | 3 (100) | 0 | 3 (100) |
| CCyRb | 3 (23) | 10 (77) | 0 | 13 (100) |
| MR3.0 | 9 (27) | 14 (41) | 11 (32) | 34 (100) |
| MR4.0 | 4 (44) | 4 (44) | 1 (12) | 9 (100) |
| MR4.5 | 0 | 7 (100) | 0 | 7 (100) |
| MR5.0 | 4 (20) | 10 (50) | 6 (30) | 20 (100) |
Notes: Cytogenetic responses: Partial cytogenetic response (PCyR), Ph+ metaphases 1–35%. Complete cytogenetic response (CCyR), no Ph+ metaphases or less than 1% BCR-ABL1 positive nuclei by I-FISH. Molecular responses: MR3.0 = major molecular response = BCR-ABL1 <0.01% (IS); MR4.0 = BCR-ABL1 ≤0.01% (IS); MR4.5 = BCR-ABL1 ≤0.0032% (IS); MR5.0 = BCR-ABL1 ≤0.001% (IS).23 Response is assessed with a standardized real quantitative polymerase chain reaction and/or cytogenetics at 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months. BCR-ABL1 transcript levels ≤10% at 3 months, <1% at 6 months, and ≤0.1% from 12 months onward define optimal response, whereas >10% at 6 months and >1% from 12 months onward define failure. PCyR at 3 months and CCyR from 6 months onward define optimal response, whereas no CyR (Ph1+ >95%) at 3 months, less than PCyR at 6 months, and less than CCyR from 12 months onward define failure.23
Ph+ metaphases 1–35%.
No Ph+ metaphases or less than 1% BCR-ABL1 positive nuclei by I-FISH.
Abbreviations: CML, chronic myeloid leukemia; TKI, tyrosine kinase inhibitor; MMAS, 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale; n, number; CyR, cytogenetic response; MR, molecular response; Ph+, Philadelphia chromosome-positive; IS, international scale; I-FISH, interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization.