Table 1.

Inter-rater reliability results for the systematic park observation within a single park (n = 5 raters and 72 park users observed)

	Kappa*	95% CI	Percent of overall agreement
Gender	0.890	0.786, 0.993	94.7
Age group	0.714	0.595, 0.833	86.4
Primary activity	0.831	0.789, 0.874	86.4
Secondary activity	0.521	0.334, 0.708	83.2
Person belong to a group	0.894	0.805, 0.983	95.0
Any dog with person	0.905	0.814, 0.996	95.6
Cleaned-up dog litter**	0.878	0.786, 0.971	94.2
Size of dog (small, medium, large)**	0.563	0.442, 0.684	71.3

*The estimates are based on average values across pairs of raters [28].

**Based on n = 15 observations identified by all raters as having one dog.