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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Sleep Med. 2014 Feb 7;15(5):541–549. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2014.01.010

Fig. 3. Identification of candidate biomarkers of pediatric OSA.

Fig. 3

Morning (am) and bedtime (pm) samples were collected from children with and without OSA and subjected to LC-MS/MS. Panel A: Analysis of proteomic data was performed as follows: Level 1 (L1), morning and bedtime measurements were averaged and boys and girls were pooled; Level 2 (L2), analyses for morning and bedtime samples were conducted independently; Level 3 (L3) analyses for morning and bedtime samples were conducted independently in both boys and girls. The number of candidate biomarkers identified at each level is shown in parentheses. Panel B: Biomarkers detected in level 3 were split according to collection time and gender. Panel C: AHI and BMI z-scores in boys and girls with OSA. Panel D: A demonstration of the “gender effect” on global proteomic analysis (based on the t-test and G-test) of morning urine samples. Red, up-regulated in OSA; green, down-regulated in OSA; dashed lines confidence intervals (FDR < 5%). Panel E: Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) as an example of a specific biomarker for OSA in the morning samples of boys. Protein levels (mean ±SEMs) were determined by spectral counting. **, statistically significant based on the t-test and G-test.