Figure 4.

Antipathogen and Antiherbivore Defense Genes and Responses of Tomato Plants Induced by Spraying with CAPE1.

(A) Relative expression of antiherbivore and antipathogen defense genes were quantified by comparing the expression levels in untreated plants with plants treated with water or 250 nM CAPE1 for 4, 8, and 24 h (n = 5 for each time point). The internal control EF-1α was used for normalization.

(B) Changes of the larval sizes after feeding with water or 250 nM CAPE1-treated tomato leaves. The photographs of S. litura larvae were taken after 5 d of feeding. The larval weights of 30 larvae were recorded each day.

(C) The Pst DC3000 infection phenotypes of the plants presprayed with water or 100 nM CAPE1 peptide for 2 h (n = 3) prior to pathogen inoculation. The infection symptoms were observed after inoculation for 7 d. The bacterial numbers, presented as log colony-forming units (Log CFU) per gram of leaf tissue, represent the means and sd of three biological samples. All statistically significant differences between the CAPE1- and water-treated samples are indicated with asterisks, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, or ***P < 0.001, based on Student’s t test.