Table 1.
Studies conducted in low-and middle-income countries, which achieved a six-month mother-to-child HIV transmission rate of ≤5%
| Country | Year | Participants | Maternal regimen | Infant regimen | Transmission rate at 6 months (95% confidence interval) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Botswana[3] | 2006-2008 | 730 breastfeeding women1 | Triple ARVs from 28-34 weeks until cessation of breastfeeding2 | sd-NVP + AZT for 4 weeks | 1.1% (0.5%-2.2%) |
| Rwanda[4] | 2005-2007 | Mothers of 227 breastfed and 305 formula-fed infants | Formula-feeding: triple ARVs from 28 weeks until birth. Breastfeeding: triple ARVs until cessation of breastfeeding2 | sd-NVP + AZT for 7 days | Breastfed: 1.8%3 (0.7%-4.8%) |
| Formula-fed: 1.0%3 (0.3%–3.0%) | |||||
| Mozambique[5] | 2005-2007 | 341 breastfeeding mother-infant pairs | Triple ARVs from 15 weeks until cessation of breastfeeding2 | sd-NVP + AZT for 7 days | 2.1% |
| Mozambique, Malawi, and Tanzania[6] | 2004-2006 | 809 formula-feeding women | Triple ARVs from 25 weeks until cessation of breastfeeding2 | sd-NVP + AZT for 7 days | 2.7% |
| Burkina Faso, Kenya, South Africa[7] | 2005-2008 | Mothers of 805 infants4,5 | Group 1: triple ARVs from 28-36 weeks until cessation of breastfeeding2,6 | sd-NVP + AZT for 7 days | Group 1: 4.9% (3.1%-7.6%) |
| Group 2: AZT during pregnancy + sd-NVP and AZT at onset of labor7,8 | Group 2: 8.4% (6.0%-11.6%) | ||||
| Kenya[8] | 2003-2009 | Mothers of 487 breastfed infants | Triple ARVs from 34-36 weeks until cessation of breastfeeding2 | sd-NVP | 5.0% (3.4%-7.4%) |
| Tanzania[9] | 2004-2006 | Mothers of 441 breastfed infants | Triple ARVs from 34 weeks until cessation of breastfeeding2 | AZT + 3TC for 7 days | 5.0% (3.2%-7.0%) |
3TC, lamivudine; ARV, antiretroviral drugs; AZT, zidovudine; NVP, nevirapine; sd-NVP, single dose of nevirapine at birth.
1Of these 730 women, 560 had a CD4-count ≥200 cells/mm3 and 170 a CD4-count <200 cells/mm3 or an AIDS-defining illness.
2Women were advised to have concluded complete cessation of breastfeeding by 6 to 7 months postpartum, depending on the study.
3These are transmission rates at 9 months (not 6 months).
478% of infants born to women in each arm of the study were ever breastfed.
5This is the number of participants randomized at the beginning of the study.
6349 infants’ mothers were provided with this regimen.
7339 infants’ mothers were provided with this regimen.
8After a protocol amendment in 2006, women in the AZT arm also received AZT + 3TC 7 days postpartum.