Table 1.
Potential risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes, Camp Lejeune, 1968–1985
| Risk factor | Small for gestational age (total births = 11,896) | Preterm birth (total births =11,896) | Term low birth weight (total births = 10,990) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| #, % | OR | #, % | OR | #, % | OR | |
| Race | ||||||
| “white” | 1072, 12.0 | 1.0 (ref.) | 544, 6.1 | 1.0 (ref.) | 155, 1.9 | 1.0 (ref.) |
| “other” | 502, 16.9 | 1.5 (1.3,1.7) | 362, 12.2 | 2.1 (1.9, 2.5) | 91, 3.5 | 1.9 (1.5, 2.5) |
| Prenatal care* | ||||||
| Adequate | 624, 11.9 | 1.0 (ref.) | 258, 4.9 | 1.0 (ref.) | 76, 1.5 | 1.0 (ref.) |
| Inadequate | 950, 14.2 | 1.2 (1.1, 1.4) | 648, 9.7 | 2.1 (1.8, 2.4) | 170, 2.8 | 1.9 (1.4, 2.5) |
| Rank† | ||||||
| Officer | 166, 10.1 | 1.0 (ref.) | 62, 3.8 | 1.0 (ref.) | 25, 1.6 | 1.0 (ref.) |
| Enlisted | 1408, 13.7 | 1.4 (1.2, 1.7) | 844, 8.2 | 2.3 (1.8, 3.0) | 219, 2.3 | 1.5 (1.0, 2.2) |
| Mother’s age | ||||||
| <20 | 304, 15.5 | 1.2 (1.1, 1.7) | 196, 10.0 | 1.4 (1.2, 1.7) | 42, 2.4 | 1.1 (0.8, 1.5) |
| 20-29 | 1132, 12.9 | 1.0 (ref.) | 623, 7.1 | 1.0 (ref.) | 176, 2.2 | 1.0 (ref.) |
| 30-34 | 108, 11.8 | 0.9 (0.7, 1.1) | 67, 7.3 | 1.0 (0.8, 1.3) | 21, 2.5 | 1.1 (0.7, 1.8) |
| ≥35 | 30, 12.9 | 1.0 (0.7, 1.5) | 20, 8.6 | 1.2 (0.8, 2.0) | 7, 3.3 | 1.5 (0.7, 3.3) |
| Father’s age | ||||||
| <20 | 100, 15.9 | 1.2 (1.0, 1.5) | 62, 9.8 | 1.3 (1.0, 1.7) | 13, 2.3 | 1.0 (0.6, 1.8) |
| 20-29 | 1284, 13.4 | 1.0 (ref.) | 733, 7.6 | 1.0 (ref.) | 195, 2.2 | 1.0 (ref.) |
| 30-34 | 128, 10.7 | 0.8 (0.6, 0.9) | 75, 6.3 | 0.8 (0.6, 1.0) | 25, 2.2 | 1.0 (0.7, 1.5) |
| ≥35 | 62, 13.4 | 1.0 (0.8, 1.3) | 36, 7.8 | 1.0 (0.7, 1.5) | 13, 3.1 | 1.4 (0.8, 2.5) |
| Parity | ||||||
| Multiparous | 953, 12.2 | 1.0 (ref.) | 650, 8.3 | 1.0 (ref.) | 168, 2.4 | 1.0 (ref.) |
| Primiparous | 619, 15.2 | 1.3 (1.2, 1.4) | 254, 6.2 | 0.7 (0.6, 0.9) | 77, 2.0 | 0.9 (0.7, 1.1) |
| Mom’s education | ||||||
| Not a college graduate | 1474, 13.5 | 1.0 (ref.) | 859, 7.9 | 1.0 (ref.) | 231, 2.3 | 1.0 (ref.) |
| College grad | 100, 10.6 | 0.8 (0.6, 0.9) | 46, 4.9 | 0.6 (0.4, 0.8) | 15, 1.7 | 0.7 (0.4-1.2) |
| Dad’s education | ||||||
| Not a college graduate | 1410, 13.6 | 1.0 (ref.) | 844, 8.1 | 1.0 (ref.) | 223, 2.3 | 1.0 (ref.) |
| College graduate | 163, 11.0 | 0.8 (0.7, 0.9) | 59, 4.0 | 0.5 (0.4, 0.6) | 23, 1.6 | 0.7 (0.4-1.1) |
| Sex of child | ||||||
| Female | 760, 12.9 | 1.0 (ref.) | 419, 7.1 | 1.0 (ref.) | 147, 2.7 | 1.0 (ref.) |
| Male | 814, 13.6 | 1.1 (1.0, 1.2) | 487, 8.1 | 1.2 (1.0, 1.3) | 99, 1.8 | 0.7 (0.5, 0.9) |
| Previous fetal death | ||||||
| 0 | 1287, 13.0 | 1.0 (ref.) | 719, 7.2 | 1.0 (ref.) | 194, 2.1 | 1.0 (ref.) |
| ≥ 1 | 285, 14.6 | 1.1 (1.0, 1.3) | 185, 9.5 | 1.3 (1.1, 1.6) | 51, 2.9 | 1.4 (1.0, 1.9) |
* “Adequate” if care began during 1st trimester and sufficient number of visits given gestational age of child at birth (Kessner 1973) [11]; †rank of military member.