Table 5.
Potential predictors of cells with copy number variations (CNVs) in urine from 1,575 tumor-free men
| CNV > 2 Chromosome 3 | CNV > 2 Chromosome 7 | CNV > 2 Chromosome 17 | CNV < 2 9p21 | CNV > 2 of chromosome 3, 7 or 17 or CNV < 2 at 9p21 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reference | exp
 (95% CI)
a
|
exp
 (95% CI)
a
|
exp
 (95% CI)
a
|
exp
 (95% CI)
a
|
exp
 (95% CI)
a
|
||
| Creatinine | < 0.5 g/L | ≥ 0.5 g/L | 1.69 (1.31 – 2.18) | 1.73 (1.35 – 2.23) | 1.53 (1.18 – 1.97) | 1.40 (1.12 – 1.74) | 1.58 (1.34 – 1.86) |
| Leukocytes b | Present | None or tracesb | 0.95 (0.58 – 1.56) | 0.94 (0.58 – 1.52) | 0.88 (0.52 – 1.48) | 0.78 (0.52 – 1.16) | 0.85 (0.62 – 1.17) |
| Haematuria b | Present | None or tracesb | 0.78 (0.59 – 1.04) | 0.78 (0.59 – 1.02) | 0.75 (0.56 – 0.99) | 0.99 (0.80 – 1.24) | 0.89 (0.75 – 1.05) |
| Age (years) | 50 – <60 | <50 | 1.54 (1.11 – 2.13) | 1.57 (1.14 – 2.15) | 1.50 (1.10 – 2.06) | 1.22 (0.95 – 1.56) | 1.30 (1.06 – 1.59) |
| 60 – <70 | <50 | 1.24 (0.92 – 1.67) | 1.26 (0.95 – 1.68) | 1.37 (1.02 – 1.82) | 1.21 (0.97 – 1.50) | 1.20 (1.00 – 1.43) | |
| ≥ 70 | <50 | 1.45 (1.04 – 2.03) | 1.55 (1.11 – 2.16) | 1.74 (1.23 – 2.45) | 1.24 (0.93 – 1.66) | 1.31 (1.06 – 1.62) | |
| Smoking | Ever | Never | 1.26 (0.98 – 1.62) | 1.27 (0.99 – 1.64) | 1.33 (1.05 – 1.70) | 1.11 (0.92 – 1.34) | 1.14 (0.97 – 1.32) |
aEffect estimates as factors from a generalized estimating equations model with built-in Poisson distribution.
bNone or traces if ≤5 cells per visual field microscopically and dipstick testing negative or <5 leukocytes.