Table 1.
Demographic at baseline measurements in both intervention and control groups
| Intervention group N = 29 | Control group N = 29 | PValue 1 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (mean ± SD) | Years | 73.0 ± 7.1 | 73.3 ± 5.4 | 0.853 | ||||
| Gender (Female/Male) | N | 27 / 2 | 26 / 3 | 0.640 | ||||
| Education (mean ± SD) | Years | 12.6 ± 2.0 | 13.1 ± 2.5 | 0.318 | ||||
| MMSE (mean ± SD) | Score(0–30) | 27.1 ± 1.7 | 26.6 ± 2.2 | 0.318 | ||||
| MoCA-J (mean ± SD) | Score(0–30) | 25.2 ± 3.2 | 24.1 ± 3.7 | 0.203 | ||||
| GDS-15 (mean ± SD) | Score(0–15) | 4.1 ± 2.5 | 3.5 ± 3.1 | 0.405 | ||||
| TMIG-IC | ||||||||
| Total score (mean ± SD) | Score(0–13) | 10.9 ± 1.3 | 10.8 ± 1.7 | 0.861 | ||||
| Instrumental self-maintenance (mean ± SD) | Score(0–5) | 5.0 ± 0.0 | 5.0 ± 0.2 | 0.322 | ||||
| Intellectual activity (mean ± SD) | Score(0–4) | 3.1 ± 1.0 | 3.1 ± 1.2 | 0.905 | ||||
| Social role (mean ± SD) | Score(0–4) | 3.8 ± 0.6 | 3.8 ± 0.6 | 1.000 | ||||
MMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination; MoCA-J: Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment; GDS-15: Geriatric Depression Scale short form; SD: Standard Deviation; TMIG: Tokyo metropolitan institute of gerontology-Index of Competence.
1The chi-square test was used to test association among categorical variables, and t-tests was used to compare the means of continuous variables.