Table 2.
Risk factors and mean UPMS score (n =10,566)
| Risk factor | Category | UPMS score | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (standard deviation) | |||
| All | 7.76 (4.31) | - | |
| Educational level | Low | 8.24 (4.40) | < 0.001 |
| High | 6.59 (3.83) | ||
| Parental history of diabetes | No | 7.48 (4.20) | < 0.001 |
| Yes | 8.13 (4.35) | ||
| Unknown | 8.38 (4.54) | ||
| Current smoker | No | 7.91 (4.28) | < 0.001 |
| Yes | 7.37 (4.36) | ||
| Alcohol consumption | No | 8.46 (4.58) | < 0.001 |
| Moderate | 7.52 (4.15) | ||
| High | 7.44 (4.20) | ||
| Physical inactivity | No | 6.99 (4.05) | < 0.001 |
| Yes | 8.35 (4.40) | ||
| Actual hypertension | No | 7.59 (4.19) | < 0.001 |
| Yes | 8.07 (4.49) | ||
| TC/HDL-C | < 5 | 7.81 (4.24) | 0.14 |
| ≥5 | 7.67 (4.47) | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | < 25 | 7.43 (4.13) | < 0.001 |
| 25- <30 | 7.80 (4.34) | ||
| ≥30 | 8.45 (4.55) |
BMI: Body mass index; TC/HDL-C: Total cholesterol/High density lipoprotein cholesterol; UPMS: Unspecific premonitory symptom.