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. 2014 Nov 11;16(6):477. doi: 10.1186/s13075-014-0477-1

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© Sieber et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Reduced proliferation and activation of toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9)-stimulated B cells from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients compared to healthy donors. (A) Representative flow cytometry plots showing the gating strategy and histograms of the frequency of proliferating B cells and induction of CD38 expression after 2 days of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) culture with or without CpG stimulation. (B) Combined data from 6 SLE patients and 10 healthy donors for the frequency of proliferating (Ki-67⁺) B cells (left graph) and the induction of CD38 expression by B cells (right graph). (Mann-Whitney U-test; ns, not significant *P <0.05). HD, healthy donors.