Table 1.
Demographical and clinical characteristics of participants. (Data are expressed as mean ±standard deviation or number and percentage)
| All participants (n=1036) | Urban areas (n=578) | Rural areas (n=458) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 48.0 ±16.9 (18-87) | 51.6 ±15.7 | 43.5 ±17.2 | 0.001 |
| Age group | 0.001 | |||
| 18-34 years | 25.6% | 16.0% | 37.8% | |
| 35-49 years | 25.3% | 26.1% | 24.2% | |
| 50-60 years | 23.6% | 28.0% | 18.1% | |
| >60 years | 25.5% | 29.9% | 19.9% | |
| School education | 60.7% | 63.4% | 55.6% | 0.030 |
| Familial history of renal disease | 10.4% | 5.4% | 15.0% | 0.003 |
| Tobacco use | 4.2% | 5.2% | 2.8% | 0.094 |
| Alcohol use | 4.5% | 1.5% | 8.5% | <0.001 |
| Physical inactivity | 58.1% | 55.3% | 61.7% | 0.047 |
| Hypertension | 39.1% | 43.3% | 33.8% | 0.002 |
| Diabetes (FBG≥1.26g/l) | 12.7% | 14.6% | 10.3% | 0.038 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.3 ±6.8 | 27.9 ±7.3 | 24.3 ±5.5 | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference | 90.6 ±16.1 | 94.4 ±15.6 | 86.0 ±15.6 | <0.001 |
| Obesity (BMI≥30 kg/m2) | 23.4% | 33.8% | 10.2% | <0.001 |
| Cholesterol (g/L) | 2.18 ±0.49 | 2.25 ±0.54 | 2.10 ±0.44 | <0.001 |
| SCr (mg/dl) | 1.04 ±0.44 | 1.01 ±0.47 | 1.06 ±0.40 | 0.032 |
| eGFR (ml/min) | 90.6 ±23.8 | 89.7 ±22.8 | 91.7 ±24.9 | 0.203 |
| Albuminuria>1g/l | 5.3% | 4.3% | 6.6% | 0.178 |
BMI= body mass index; FBG= fasting blood glucose; SCr= serum creatinine; eGFR= estimated glomerular filtration rate according to 4-variables MDRD equation.