Table 1.

List of ancient mummy's samples collected from National Museum of Yemen at Sana'a (NMS) during this investigation.

No.	Mummy description	Source	Age years
M1	A male skeleton of mummy dried naturally (dehydrated body)*	Shebam al-Giras-Sana'a	~2000
M2	Human mummified remains dried naturally (dehydrated body) showing mold deterioration	Al-Hymah-Sana'a	~2000
M3	A typical Yemeni mummy wrapped with linen cloth	Al-Tawilah Al-Mahwit	~2000
M4	Severe fragile and damaged human mummified remains	Al-Tawilah Al-Mahwit	~2000
M5	Human mummified body dried naturally (dehydrated body) showing linen textiles without a conservation process. Deterioration of textiles eventually causes complete loss	Al-Tawilah Al-Mahwit	~2000

^*A mummy embalmed or treated with chemicals, or it may have been naturally desiccated under extreme cold, dryness, or even lack of air.