(a–d) Effects of hippuristanol and PP242 treatment in leukaemia cell proliferation and survival. (a) Cell cycle analysis was performed for (i) K562, (ii) Jurkat and (iii) HL-60 cells. Cells were treated with the following conditions: mock, 250 nM hippuristanol (Hipp), 250 nM PP242, both (Hipp + PP) or 0.1 μg ml–1 nocodazole (Noc) for 24 h and analysed by flow cytometry for DNA content. The percentage of cell population in each cell cycle state (G1, S and G2) is indicated. (b) Cells counts were determined after 24, 48 and 72 h of drug treatments. (c) Apoptosis assay was performed on primary CML patient samples. Cells were treated with hippuristanol, PP242 or both drugs for 48 h, stained with Annexin V-FITC and analysed by flow cytometry. (d) Clonogenic assays of primary CML samples after 48 h of drug treatment.