. 2014 Oct;12(10):695–704.

Table I.

Testicular and diverse germ cell characteristics

Testicular and germ cell characteristics		Day 42 (N=7 rats/group)			Day 56 (N=7 rats/group)
Testicular and germ cell characteristics		Control	400 mg dry matter/kg body weight/day	800 mg dry matter/kg body weight/day	Control	400 mg dry matter/kg body weight/day	800 mg dry matter/kg body weight/day
Reproductive organ weight (g/100 g body weight)
	testis	0.48 ± 0.03	0.43 ± 0.04	0.42 ± 0.04	0.39 ± 0.01	0.40 ± 0.01	0.42±0.01
	epididymis	0.12 ± 0.01	0.12 ± 0.00	0.12 ± 0.01	0.11 ± 0.00	0.11 ± 0.00	0.11 ± 0.01
	prostate gland	0.10 ± 0.01	0.09 ± 0.01	0.09 ± 0.01	0.09 ± 0.02	0.08 ± 0.00	0.10 ± 0.02
	seminal vesicle	0.14 ± 0.00	0.13 ± 0.01	0.13 ± 0.00	0.13 ± 0.01	0.13 ± 0.01	0.12 ± 0.01
	Seminiferous tubule diameter (µm)	211.50 ± 1.63^a	199.11 ± 1.44^b	173.13 ± 1.59^c	217.65 ± 1.29	220.57 ± 1.39	217.38 ± 1.36
Epididymal diameter (µm)
	caput part	261.72 ± 5.76^a	238.21 ± 5.65^b	173.84 ± 2.95^c	269.82 ± 4.00	257.87 ± 4.34	263.93 ± 4.84
	corpus part	288.75 ± 6.39^a	246.42 ± 8.29^b	155.71 ± 3.68^c	238.00 ± 5.16	249.00 ± 8.35	238.66 ± 1.65
	caudal part	342.22 ± 10.89^a	288.40 ± 5.55^b	199.59 ± 3.54^c	260.67 ± 2.90	256.76 ± 4.79	249.45 ± 5.53
No. of germ cells (cells/1000 µm²)
	spermatogonia	1.51 ± 0.07	1.29 ± 0.09	1.44 ± 0.09	1.34 ± 0.04	1.24 ± 0.05	1.38 ± 0.07
	spermatocytes	1.71 ± 0.07	1.74 ± 0.07	1.88 ± 0.1	1.66 ± 0.06	1.76 ± 0.04	1.61 ± 0.06
	spermatids	4.99 ± 0.15^a	4.99 ± 0.24^a	1.97 ± 0.13^b	4.82 ± 0.15	4.94 ± 0.14	4.91 ± 0.15
Spermatozoal quantity (cells x 10⁶/g-testis)
	daily sperm production	0.56 ± 0.02^a	0.48 ± 0.02^b	0.47 ± 0.01^b	0.61 ± 0.01	0.62 ± 0.03	0.62 ± 0.02
	caudal epididymal spermatozoa	343.39 ± 12.70^a	278.19 ± 13.98^b	268.60 ± 11.24^b	364.23 ± 16.31	357.39 ± 13.29	370.62 ± 17.31
Spermatozoal quality (%)
	spermatozoal motility	76.21 ± 1.46^a	65.15 ± 2.43^b	61.01 ± 4.35^b	75.81 ± 2.47	75.72 ± 1.59	73.38 ± 2.72
	spermatozoal viability	65.00 ± 2.27^a	41.84 ± 1.72^b	34.76 ± 3.26^b	69.05 ± 2.36	69.94 ± 2.31	72.83 ± 1.63
	normal spermatozoa	46.14 ± 3.08^a	32.92 ± 4.34^b	31.29 ± 3.42^b	49.79 ± 3.28	45.68 ± 3.49	40.76 ± 2.75
Types of abnormal spermatozoa (%)
	tailless	9.12 ± 2.06	17.74 ± 7.07	16.18 ± 3.10	9.44 ± 0.88	9.79 ± 0.69	11.27 ± 1.68
	no hook head	8.19 ± 2.79	9.05 ± 1.99	8.85 ± 1.64	8.73 ± 2.40	8.79 ± 1.10	7.74± 2.65
	amorphous head	0.52 ± 0.14	1.01 ± 0.28	1.42 ± 0.56	0.24 ± 0.04	0.54 ± 0.32	0.68 ± 0.38
	neck abnormal	2.02 ± 0.42	2.83 ± 0.54	2.51 ± 0.54	1.33 ± 0.31	1.59 ± 0.54	1.97 ± 0.29
	tail abnormal	33.07±3.01	36.514.36	38.92±3.15	27.813.90	29.152.30	29.51±4.13
	tailless	9.12 ± 2.06	17.74 ± 7.07	16.18 ± 3.10	9.44 ± 0.88	9.79 ± 0.69	11.27 ± 1.68
Acrosomal intactness (%)		90.43 ± 0.77	88.88 ± 1.15	84.50 ± 2.39	90.73 ± 0.77	89.27 ± 0.55	88.69 ± 1.78
Acrosome-membrane intactness (%)
	acrosome-membrane intact	41.47 ± 6.01	23.42 ± 3.87	20.18 ± 3.02	35.94 ± 7.43	36.55 ± 7.08	41.94 ± 7.37
	acrosome damage- membrane intact	41.76 ± 4.23	49.88 ± 3.73	51.65 ± 3.13	29.20 ± 5.72	29.73 ± 2.59	35.28 ± 2.55
	acrosome intact-membrane damage	0.05 ± 0.01	0.05 ± 0.02	0.06 ± 0.03	0.00 ± 0.00	0.00 ± 0.00	0.00 ± 0.00
	acrosome-membrane damage	16.62 ± 3.93	26.70 ± 4.59	28.11 ± 2.81	16.37 ± 4.26	19.05 ± 5.36	14.88 ± 3.40

One-way ANOVA and least significant difference (LSD) were employed.

Values in the same row not shown by common letters (a, b and c) were significant difference at p<0.05.

^†

Results are expressed as the mean±SD.