Table 1.

Summary of the actions of the mitogen-activated protein kinases inhibitors

Inhibitor	Mechanism of action	Effects
SP600125	Selective and reversible inhibitor of JNK	Dose dependent inhibition of JNK Inhibition of inflammatory genes (COX-2, IFN, IL-2, TNF-α) in vivoReduction of pancreatic inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β) in vivo
CEP1347	Potent and selective inhibitor of JNK	Dose dependent inhibition of JNK both in vivo than in vitroReduction of inflammatory cytokines
PD98059	Inhibitor of ERK 1/2, prevents phosphorylation binding MEK	Protection against inflammatory process in the pancreas in vivo Protective effects probably related to the inhibition of COX-2
UO126	Selective inhibitor of MEK1 and MEK2; it prevents the activation of ERK1/2	Protection against inflammatory process in the pancreas in vivo
SB203580	Selective inhibitor of p38. Inhibition of p38 catalytic activity	Downregulation of the expression of proinflammatory mediators (TNF-α and IL-1β) in vivo

JNK: c-jun N-terminal kinase; COX-2: Cyclooxygenase 2; IFN: Interferon; IL: Interleukin; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor; ERKs: Extracellular signal-regulated kinases.