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. 2014 Nov 28;20(44):16649–16664. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i44.16649

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Humoral signals implicated in the physiological regulation of food intake. Diagram summarising the major signalling pathways which converge on the hypothalamus and brainstem in order to regulate food intake. ARC: Arcuate nucleus; NPY/AgRP: Neuropeptide Y and agouti-related peptide; POMC/CART: Proopiomelanocortin and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript; DVC: Dorsal vagal complex; DVN: Dorsal motor nucleus of vagus; NTS: Nucleus of the tractus solitarius; AP: Area postrema; GLP-1: Glucagon-like peptide-1; CCK: Cholecystokinin; PP: Pancreatic polypeptide; PYY: Peptide YY; OXM: Oxyntomodulin.