Table 1.
| 1st author and year | N | ALD | HBV or HCV | Cryptogenic | ALD + HCV | Miscellaneous |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Krowka 1999 | 14 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 1 HCC + HCV, 1 sarcoidosis, 2 PBC, 1 Budd Chiari, 1 AIH |
| Hoeper 2005 | 11 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 biliary atresia |
| Reichenberger 2006 | 14 | 7 | 3 | 3 PBC, 1 Budd Chiari | ||
| Sussman 2006 | 8 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | |
| Fix 2007 | 35 | 7 | 9 | 3 | 10 | 1 HIV, 2 HCC, 2 PBC, 1 AIH |
| Hoeper 2007 (bosentan) | 18 | 11 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 PVT, 2 AIH |
| Hoeper 2007 (iloprost) | 13 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 biliary duct atresia, 4 AIH |
| Gough and White 2009 | 11 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 1 ALD + NASH |
| Hemnes 2009 | 13 | 1 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 1 PBC |
| Melgosa 2010 | 13 | 2 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 1 hemochromatosis, 2 PBC, 1 portal vein thrombosis |
| Halank 2011 | 13 | 8 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 1 PBC |
| Hollatz 2012 | 11 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 1 ALD + NASH + PBC, 1 biliary atresia |
| Savale 2013 | 34 | 20 | 4 | 3 | 6 PVT, 1 AIH | |
|
| ||||||
| Total | 83 (40%) | 43 (20%) | 12 (5%) | 26 (12%) | 41 (20%) | |
ALD: alcoholic liver disease; HBV: hepatitis B; HCV: hepatitis C; HCC: hepatocellular cancer; PBC: primary biliary cirrhosis; AIH: autoimmune hepatitis; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; PVT: portal vein thrombosis; NASH: nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.