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. 2014 Nov 17;2014:346405. doi: 10.1155/2014/346405

Table 1.

Family, species, vegetative period, month of seed collection, seed traits (seed mass, seed size, seed shape), seed germination percentage, dispersal syndromes and dispersal strategies recorded for each of the 70 study species.

Family Species Life form Collecting time (months) Seed mass (mg) Seed size (mm) Seed shape (variance) Seed germination percentage (%) Dispersal syndromes Dispersal
strategies
Ephedraceae Ephedra przewalskii  Stapf LS 9 2.81 ± 0.071 3.926 ± 0.054 0.144 0 Anemochory Escape-protection
Poaceae Eragrostis  minor  Host. E 8 0.076 ± 0.0024 0.584 ± 0.021 0.028 5.5 ± 2.22 Anemochory escape
Eremopyrum  triticeum  (Gaertn.)  Nevski. E 6 1.78 ± 0.046 11.389 ± 0.792 0.184 87.33 ± 2.40 Epizoochory Protection
Leymus  angustus  (Trin.)  Pilger. LPH 8 7.85 ± 0.68 9.534 ± 0.775 0.178 0.5 ± 0.5 Epizoochory Protection
L.  racemosus  (Lam.)  Tzvel. LP 8 9.44 ± 0.14 13.708 ± 0.872 0.156 47 ± 2.08 Epizoochory Protection
Papaveraceae Glaucium  squamigerum  Kar.  et  Kir. LBP 6 0.42 ± 0.0018 1.269 ± 0.044 0.065 30 ± 5.29 Autochory Escape
Ranunculaceae Ceratocephalus  testiculatus  (Crantz)  Bess. E 6 1.06 ± 0.0099 4.614 ± 0.229 0.018 20.67 ± 1.76 Epizoochory Escape-protection
Caryophyllaceae Minuartia  regeliana  (Trautv.)  Mattf. LA 9 0.20 ± 0.0087 0.499 ± 0.011 0.028 0 Barochory Escape
Amaranthaceae Agriophyllum  squarrosum  (L.)  Moq. LA 9 1.16 ± 0.027 2.208 ± 0.093 0.108 8.5 ± 2.22 Barochory Protection
Amaranthus albus  L. LA 9 0.70 ± 0.0046 2.083 ± 0.058 0.069 14.5 ± 5.50 Barochory Escape
A.  retroflexus  L. LA 10 0.68 ± 0.0088 2.115 ± 0.034 0.066 56 ± 2.00 Barochory Escape
Anabasis  aphylla  L. LS 10 1.14 ± 0.020 2.064 ± 0.062 0.104 66.5 ± 4.03 Anemochory Protection
Atriplex  tatarica  L. LA 10 1.10 ± 0.032 4.472 ± 0.355 0.168 11 ± 4.65 Anemochory Escape-protection
Bassia dasyphylla  (Fisch.  et  Mey.)  
O.  Kuntze.		 LA 9 0.66 ± 0.0078 3.018 ± 0.145 0.15 15 ± 1.91 Epizoochory Protection
B. hyssopifolia  (Pall.)  O.  Kuntze. LA 10 0.43 ± 0.0049 2.958 ± 0.165 0.04 85.5 ± 4.27 Epizoochory Protection
Camphorosma  monspeliaca  L LS 10 0.54 ± 0.015 2.238 ± 0.066 0.083 96 ± 5.48 Anemochory Escape
Ceratocarpus  arenarius  L. LA 9 1.51 ± 0.025 7.624 ± 0.556 0.364 42.5 ± 2.36 Epizoochory Escape-protection
Chenopodium  album  L. LA 7 0.35 ± 0.0017 0.964 ± 0.025 0.078 98.5 ± 0.96 Barochory Escape
C.  aristatum  L. LA 8 0.11 ± 0.0022 0.594 ± 0.023 0.037 6.5 ± 0.96 Barochory Escape
C.  glaucum  L. LA 9 0.22 ± 0.0021 0.864 ± 0.049 0.074 99 ± 0.58 Barochory Escape
C.  hybridum  L. LA 10 0.35 ± 0.0016 1.776 ± 0.086 0.044 7.5 ± 2.22 Barochory Escape
Corispermum  lehmannianum  Bunge LA 8 0.73 ± 0.01 2.634 ± 0.083 0.143 0 Epizoochory Escape
Halogeton glomeratus (Bieb.)  C.  A.  Mey. LA 10 1.06 ± 0.011 2.092 ± 0.047 0.088 77.00 ± 2.34 Anemochory Escape-protection
Halostachys caspica  C.  A.  Mey.  ex  Schrenk. LS 10 0.24 ± 0.0074 1.798 ± 0.077 0.046 69 ± 3.00 Anemochory Escape
Haloxylon ammodendron  (C.  A.  Mey.)  Bunge. LS 10 3.89 ± 0.12 10.676 ± 0.419 0.172 73.5 ± 5.74 Anemochory Protection
H. persicum  Bunge  ex  Boiss.  et  Buhse. LS 10 7.97 ± 0.085 9.528 ± 0.149 0.147 54 ± 4.55 Anemochory Protection
Horaninowia ulicina  Fisch.  et  Mey. LA 9 0.23 ± 0.0057 0.932 ± 0.043 0.083 4 ± 1.41 Epizoochory Escape
Kalidium caspicum  (L.)  Ung.—Sternb. LS 10 0.15 ± 0.002 1.568 ± 0.080 0.032 96.5 ± 1.71 Anemochory Escape
K. foliatum (Pall.)  Moq. LS 10 0.16 ± 0.0065 3.712 ± 0.213 0.047 98.00 ± 0.77 Anemochory Escape
Kochia iranica Litv.  Ex Bornm. LA 10 0.47 ± 0.008 0.698 ± 0.017 0.104 68 ± 2.45 Anemochory Escape
Petrosimonia sibirica  (Pall.)  Bunge. LA 9 1.75 ± 0.015 0.728 ± 0.029 0.129 3 ± 1.29 Anemochory Escape-protection
Salicornia  europaea  L. LA 10 0.055 ± 0.0004 1.270 ± 0.121 0.047 15 ± 3.87 Anemochory Escape
Salsola foliosa  (L.)  Schrad. LA 10 1.04 ± 0.004 6.162 ± 0.218 0.182 0 Anemochory Escape-protection
S. heptapotamica  Iljin. LA 10 5.18 ± 0.069 10.176 ± 0.596 0.139 26 ± 8.21 Anemochory Escape-protection
S. korshinskii  Drob. LA 10 2.68 ± 0.053 8.312 ± 0.537 0.139 24 ± 9.42 Anemochory Escape-protection
S. nitraria  Pall. LA 10 1.80 ± 0.040 6.690 ± 0.269 0.115 43.5 ± 3.30 Anemochory Escape-protection
S. ruthenica  Iljin. LA 10 2.71 ± 0.041 8.216 ± 0.424 0.129 3 ± 1.29 Anemochory Escape-protection
Suaeda acuminata  (C.  A.  Mey.)  Moq. LA 9 0.57 ± 0.017 1.463 ± 0.088 0.02 38.5 ± 1.89 Barochory Escape
S. altissima  (L.)  Pall. LA 10 0.35 ± 0.0057 1.244 ± 0.033 0.029 24 ± 2.83 Barochory Escape
S. microphylla  (C.  A.  Mey.)  Pall. LS 10 0.32 ± 0.0051 1.086 ± 0.040 0.003 52.5 ± 5.62 Barochory Escape
S. physophora  Pall. LS 10 2.48 ± 0.021 2.934 ± 0.162 0.029 79 ± 2.65 Anemochory Escape-protection
S. salsa  (L.)  Pall. LA 10 0.15 ± 0.0028 0.792 ± 0.031 0.034 29 ± 1.91 Barochory Escape
Polygonaceae Calligonum ebi-nurcum  Ivanova  ex  Soskov. LS 8 26.72 ± 1.21 10.138 ± 0.369 0.045 1 ± 0.58 Anemochory Escape-protection
Tamaricaceae Reaumuria songarica  (Pall.)  Maxim. LS 8 9.16 ± 0.12 6.050 ± 0.156 0.078 31.5 ± 2.50 Anemochory Escape-protection
Plumbaginaceae Limonium coralloides  (Tausch)  Lincz. LP 8 0.26 ± 0.0063 2.622 ± 0.048 0.051 34.5 ± 12.53 Anemochory Escape
L. suffruticosum  (L.)  Kuntze. LS 8 0.30 ± 0.0052 2.784 ± 0.157 0.109 29 ± 6.56 Anemochory Escape
Fabaceae Alhagi sparsifolia  Shap. LS 10 4.87 ± 0.064 3.672 ± 0.129 0.078 7.5 ± 1.89 Autochory Escape-protection
Glycyrrhiza inflata  Batal LP 8 37.90 ± 0.54 11.424 ± 0.639 0.091 8.23 ± 1.50 Autochory Escape-protection
G. uralensis  Fisch. LP 8 9.04 ± 0.060 2.796 ± 0.151 0.038 7.5 ± 0.96 Autochory Escape-protection
Sophora  alopecuroides  L. LP 8 19.00 ± 0.19 3.968 ± 0.074 0.039 9.13 ± 1.67 Autochory Escape-protection
Trigonella  arcuata  C.A.  Meyer E 6 1.01 ± 0.018 2.248 ± 0.059 0.105 14.67 ± 1.33 Autochory Escape-protection
T.cancellata  Desf. E 6 0.88 ± 0.0096 2.100 ± 0.030 0.107 14.00 ± 3.06 Autochory Escape
Zygophyllaceae Nitraria roborowskii  Kom. LS 7 46.00 ± 0.91 7.916 ± 0.174 0.059 0 Endozoochory Protection
Sarcozygium xanthoxylon  Bunge. LS 8 106.53 ± 2.92 28.588 ± 1.133 0.051 83.5 ± 3.10 Anemochory Escape-protection
Zygophyllum  fabago  L. LP 7 2.98 ± 0.92 3.704 ± 0.045 0.123 50.5 ± 6.70 Anemochory Escape-protection
Brassicaceae Alyssum desertorum  Stapf. E 6 0.37 ± 0.0050 1.474 ± 0.043 0.107 93.33 ± 1.76 Ombrohydrochory Escape
Chorispora tenella  (Pall.)  DC. E 6 0.86 ± 0.0023 1.024 ± 0.040 0.08 6 ± 3.06 Ombrohydrochory Escape
Descurainia sophia  (L.)  Webb.  ex  Prantl. E 6 0.11 ± 0.0007 0.916 ± 0.025 0.081 23.33 ± 2.40 Ombrohydrochory Escape
Diptychocarpus strictus  (Fisch.  ex.  M.  Bieb.)  Trautv. E 6 0.92 ± 0.0068 1.016 ± 0.038 0.074 46 ± 7.21 Ombrohydrochory Escape
Euclidium syricum  (L.)  R.  Br. E 6 4.01 ± 0.065 3.740 ± 0.163 0.066 3.33 ± 0.67 Epizoochory Escape-protection
Neotorularia korolkowii  (Rgl.  et  Schmlh.) E 6 0.095 ± 0.0011 0.966 ± 0.037 0.117 54.67 ± 8.74 Ombrohydrochory Escape
Syrenia siliculosa  (M.  Bieb.)  Andrz. E 6 0.21 ± 0.0039 1.588 ± 0.090 0.103 86.67 ± 7.33 Ombrohydrochory Escape
Tauscheria lasiocarpa  Fisch.  ex  DC. E 6 2.24 ± 0.018 3.038 ± 0.115 0.095 18.67 ± 5.70 Epizoochory Escape-protection
Plantaginaceae Plantago cornuti  Gouan. LP 9 0.55 ± 0.0055 1.244 ± 0.054 0.115 89.33 ± 0.67 Ombrohydrochory Escape
P. lessingii  Fish.  et  Mey. E 6 1.94 ± 0.021 3.546 ± 0.101 0.129 97.33 ± 0.67 Ombrohydrochory Escape-protection
P. maritima  L.  subsp.  ciliata  Printz. LP 8 0.44 ± 0.0057 1.756 ± 0.054 0.105 93 ± 3.32 Ombrohydrochory Escape
P. minuta  Pall. E 6 2.04 ± 0.054 3.534 ± 0.090 0.129 76.67 ± 0.67 Ombrohydrochory Escape-protection
Compositae Artemisia ordosica  Krasch. LS 9 2.46 ± 0.040 1.546 ± 0.033 0.115 78.5 ± 3.20 Ombrohydrochory Escape-protection
Cousinia affinis  Schrenk. LP 8 4.25 ± 0.041 4.876 ± 0.196 0.093 14 ± 2.45 Epizoochory Protection
Onopordum  acanthium  L. LB 8 9.82 ± 0.076 4.852 ± 0.053 0.09 82.5 ± 2.06 Barochory Escape-protection

Notes: LA: long-lived Annuals; LBP: long-lived biennials-perennials; LPH: long-lived perennials; LS: long-lived shrubs; E: annuals/ephemerals.