Table 1.
Characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Uzbekistan, 2014 (n = 538)
| Patient characteristics | MDR-TB (n = 243) | NON-MDR-TB (n = 295) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | (%) | N | (%) | |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 124 | 51.0 | 174 | 59.0 |
| Female | 119 | 49.0 | 121 | 41.0 |
| M/F ratio | 1.04 | 1.44 | ||
| Age (years) | ||||
| ≤15-35 | 120 | 49.4 | 106 | 35.9 |
| > 35 | 123 | 50.6 | 189 | 64.1 |
| Education | ||||
| Illiterate | 13 | 5.3 | 9 | 3.1 |
| Primary-Secondary | 206 | 84.8 | 237 | 80.3 |
| University/higher | 24 | 9.9 | 49 | 16.6 |
| Occupation | ||||
| Employed | 50 | 20.6 | 80 | 27.1 |
| Healthcare worker | 5 | 2.1 | 3 | 1.0 |
| Unemployed | 124 | 51.0 | 122 | 41.4 |
| Student | 7 | 2.9 | 9 | 3.1 |
| Housewife | 10 | 4.1 | 42 | 14.2 |
| Retired | 47 | 19.3 | 39 | 13.2 |
| Labour migrant | 27 | 11.1 | 27 | 9.2 |
| Residence | ||||
| Urban | 132 | 54.3 | 225 | 76.3 |
| Suburban | 12 | 5.0 | 41 | 13.9 |
| Rural | 99 | 40.7 | 29 | 9.8 |
| Smoking | ||||
| Never | 171 | 70.4 | 145 | 49.2 |
| Current | - | - | 24 | 8.1 |
| Ex-smoking | 72 | 29.6 | 126 | 42.7 |
| Alcohol use | ||||
| Never | 163 | 67.1 | 165 | 55.9 |
| Past history | 69 | 28.4 | 84 | 28.5 |
| Moderate/Excessive | 11 | 4.5 | 46 | 15.6 |
| Injection drug use | ||||
| Yes | 1 | 0.4 | 20 | 6.8 |
| No | 242 | 99.6 | 275 | 93.2 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 12 | 4.9 | 40 | 13.6 |
| HIV positive | - | - | 32 | 10.8 |
| COPD/emphysema/bronchitis | 42 | 17.3 | 27 | 9.1 |
| Symptoms | ||||
| Cough | 226 | 93.0 | 253 | 85.8 |
| Fever | 123 | 50.6 | 131 | 44.4 |
| Loss of weight | 191 | 78.6 | 191 | 64.7 |
| Sputum smear-for acid-fast bacilli | ||||
| Positive | 117 | 48.1 | 166 | 56.3 |
| Negative | 126 | 51.9 | 129 | 43.7 |
| Health facility first consulted | ||||
| Pharmacy | 131 | 53.9 | 100 | 33.9 |
| Private clinic | 4 | 1.6 | 23 | 7.8 |
| Primary health center/polyclinic | 42 | 17.3 | 91 | 30.8 |
| TB facility | 52 | 21.4 | 48 | 16.3 |
| Traditional remedy | 2 | 0.8 | 2 | 0.7 |
| Ambulance | 7 | 2.9 | 9 | 3.1 |
| Other (AIDS Centre, Public hospital) | 5 | 2.1 | 22 | 7.4 |
| Treatment before TB diagnosis | ||||
| Self-medicated | 131 | 53.9 | 100 | 33.9 |
| - Self-medicated with antibiotics | 90 | 69.0 | 34 | 34.0 |
| Prescribed antibiotics | 55 | 22.6 | 114 | 38.6 |
| Time taken to reach a TB health facility | ||||
| <1/2 hour | 108 | 44.4 | 46 | 15.6 |
| 1/2-1 hour | 58 | 23.9 | 111 | 37.6 |
| ≥ 1 hour | 77 | 31.7 | 138 | 46.8 |
TB = tuberculosis, MDR-TB = multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, HIV = human immunodeficiency virus, COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, AIDS = acquired immune deficiency syndrome.