Figure 2.

Effect of acetylcholine or epinephrine on GSIS. Insulin secretion was stimulated or inhibited by acetylcholine or epinephrine, as indicated below the x-axis, in absence or presence of methylglyoxal. Bars represent the mean ± S.E.M. of the percentage of insulin release compared with their respective glucose concentrations, which are represented by the line from 0. Ach, 10 μM of acetylcholine in presence of 10 μM of neostigmine + 8.3 mM of glucose; Epi, 1 μM epinephrine + 16.7 mM of glucose. ^Ω P < 0.001 compared with 8.3 mM of glucose; ^# P < 0.001 compared with 16.7 mM of glucose; ^∗ P < 0.05 and ^∗∗ P < 0.001 compared with the respective control group.