Table 1.
Characteristics of studies included in the meta-analysis by type of exposure index
aRisk estimates among males only; bInternational Classification of Disease; cBureau of the Census.
Official websites use .gov
A
.gov website belongs to an official
government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you've safely
connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive
information only on official, secure websites.