FIG 10.

TRIM56 blunts YFV and DENV2 infection by targeting intracellular viral RNA replication but inhibits HCoV-OC43 propagation by acting on a later step in the viral life cycle. (A) qRT-PCR analysis of intracellular YFV RNA abundance in 293-FIT-T56 (WT), -CC21/24AA, and -Δ621–695 cells cultured in the absence or presence of Tet and mock infected or infected with YFV-17D (MOI = 1) for 1, 12, and 24 h, respectively. (B) qRT-PCR analysis of intracellular HCoV-OC43 N RNA abundance in 293-FIT-T56 (WT), -CC21/24AA, and -Δ621–695 cells cultured in the absence or presence of Tet and mock infected or infected with HCoV-OC43 (MOI = 1) for 1, 12, and 24 h, respectively. (C) 293-FIT-T56 cells induced (+Tet) or repressed (−Tet) for HA-TRIM56 expression were transfected with WT or the replication-defective NS4B P104R mutant DENV2-TSV01 replicon RNA (designated DEN-Rep-WT or -Mut). At the indicated time points posttransfection, cells were lysed and assayed for Renilla luciferase activity as a readout of DENV RNA replication. Single and triple asterisks indicate that statistical differences exist between −Tet and +Tet cells with P values of <0.05 and <0.001, respectively.