FIG 4.

SIV infection induces increased levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-10 cytokines in both CD3⁺ and CD3⁻ lymphocytes in the jejunum lamina propria. (A) Representative contour plots showing differential expression of IFN-γ and IL-10 from one SIV-infected macaque (EB09) at days 0 and 21 dpi in CD3⁺ T cells (A) and CD3⁻ lymphocytes (B). Mean percentages (± the standard errors) of CD3⁺ T cells (C) and CD3⁻ lymphocytes (D) isolated from jejunum lamina propria producing IFN-γ and TNF-α cytokines are shown for SIV-infected macaques (n = 8). Increased production of IL-10 (mean ± the standard errors) was also detected in both CD3⁺ T cells (E) and CD3⁻ lymphocytes (F) isolated from the jejunum lamina propria (n = 8). Asterisks indicate significant differences between day 0 and the specified time point (P < 0.05). All cells were gated on singlets, lymphocytes, followed by live cells, and then on CD3⁺ T cells and CD3⁻ lymphocytes.