FIG 1.

Course of SGIV infection in GS cells. (A) Infection kinetics of SGIV. GS cells were incubated with SGIV, and noninternalized SGIVs were inactivated with citrate buffer at the indicated time points. The infectivity was calculated by IFA at 48 hpi using anti-VP19 antibody. (B) Entry kinetics of SGIV. Viral adsorption to cells was performed at 4°C, viruses were washed twice with medium to remove unbound viruses, and then the temperature was shifted to 28°C to stimulate infection. Noninternalized SGIVs were inactivated with citrate buffer at the indicated times. The infection rate was calculated by IFA at 36 hpi. (C to F) Three-dimensional (3D) confocal images of GS cells at different times postinfection. GS cells were infected by Cy5-labeled SGIV (red) and immobilized at 0 min (C), 30 min (D), 60 min (E), and 120 min (F) after infection. Just before imaging, GS cells were incubated with DiO to show the cell boundaries (green). Successive z-stacks spaced by 200 nm were recorded to construct the 3D images. The xz image plane used for recording in all experiments was approximately 1 μm thick, as indicated by the dashed lines. Scale bars are 10 μm.