FIG 6.

Characterization of biofilm formation and surface attachment of X. fastidiosa pilY1-0023 and pilY1-1611 mutants compared to those of the wild type (WT). (A) Biofilm quantification in PD2 liquid medium supplemented with different concentrations of Ca in 96-well plates. Average values and standard errors of the means from one representative experiment are shown (n = 3). (B) Adhesion force in unsupplemented PD2 medium and in PD2 medium supplemented with 2 mM CaCl₂ in microfluidic chambers. The WT adhesion force values are taken from reference 29 for comparative purposes. Different letters above paired bars indicate significant differences according to the GLIMMIX procedure (P ≤ 0.05). Error bars represent standard errors of the means (n = 5).