Table 1.
General characteristics of studies included in this meta-analysis
| Author | Year | Country | Study design | Sample size |
| Wado YD et al (12) | 2013 | Ethiopia | Community based survey | 1370 |
| Shiferaw S et al (13) | 2013 | Ethiopia | Community based cross sectional | 909 |
| Tsegay Y et al (14) | 2013 | Ethiopia | Community based cross sectional | 1113 |
| Mengesha ZB et al (15) | 2013 | Ethiopia | Community based nested case control study |
1065 |
| Worku AG et al (16) | 2013 | Ethiopia | Population based survey | 1668 |
| Nanjala M et al (17) | 2012 | Kenya | Community based cross sectional | 380 |
| Abebe F et al (18) | 2012 | Ethiopia | Health facility & community based case control |
324 |
| Amano A et al (19) | 2012 | Ethiopia | Community based cross sectional | 855 |
| Anyait A et al (20) | 2012 | Uganda | Community based cross sectional | 500 |
| Teferra AS et al (21) | 2012 | Ethiopia | Community based cross sectional | 371 |
| Kabakyenga JK et al (22) |
2012 | Uganda | Community based survey | 759 |
| Mekonnen MG et al (23) | 2012 | Ethiopia | Community based survey | 7978 |
| Fikre AA et al (24) | 2012 | Ethiopia | Community based cross sectional | 506 |
| Dhakal S et al (25) | 2011 | Nepal | Community based cross sectional | 150 |
| Wanjira C et al (26) | 2011 | Kenya | Hospital based cross sectional | 409 |
| Abera M et al (27) | 2011 | Ethiopia | Community based cross sectional | 1074 |
| Oguntunde O et al (28) | 2010 | Nigeria | Community based cross sectional | 332 |
| Babalola S et al (29) | 2009 | Nigeria | Community based survey | 2158 |
| Thind A et al (30) | 2008 | India | Community based cross sectional | 5391 |
| Hounton S et al (31) | 2008 | Burkina Faso | Community based cross sectional | 81,536 |
| Mpembeni RNM et al (32) |
2007 | Tanzania | Community based cross sectional | 974 |
| Idris SH et al (33) | 2006 | Nigeria | Community based cross sectional | 496 |
| Wagle RR et al (34) | 2004 | Nepal | Community based cross sectional | 308 |
| Mekonnen Y et al (35) | 2003 | Ethiopia | Community based cross sectional | 478 |