FIG 2.

Fate of extracted proteins during photocatalytic treatment. S. cerevisiae cells were incubated in the dark in the presence of TiO₂ for 30 min, and an aliquot was harvested (lane 0). The suspension was then illuminated by UV-A, and samples were harvested after 30 min and 1, 2, 3, and 5 h of photocatalytic treatment. Insoluble proteins, i.e., parietal and membrane proteins (A), and intracellular soluble proteins (B) were extracted from each sample and analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Coomassie blue staining. As controls, the results for insoluble and soluble proteins extracted from S. cerevisiae cells incubated for 5 h in the presence of water, UV-A, or TiO₂ are presented (right panels). (C) Carbonylated proteins were detected by Western blotting with an anti-DNP antibody in samples collected after 0 min, 30 min, and 1 h of photocatalytic treatment. In panel B, the numbers (1, 2, and 3) indicate slowly disappearing sequenced proteins, while letters (a and b) indicate rapidly disappearing sequenced proteins.