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. 2014 Dec;80(24):7527–7535. doi: 10.1128/AEM.02416-14

FIG 5.

FIG 5

Superoxide ion production during photocatalytic treatment. Superoxide ions were detected by DHE assay (see Materials and Methods) during S. cerevisiae cell exposure to photocatalytic treatment or control conditions (water, TiO2 in the dark, and UV-A). The standard deviations of three or more independent experiments are represented by error bars.