Improved ampicillin resistance in nagZ and ampG mutants is dependent on the expression of BlaA. PblaA promoter activities were determined by measuring β-galactosidase (in Miller units) using the PblaA-lacZ reporter system in ΔampD, ΔampE, ΔnagZ, ΔampG, and ΔampDΔnagZ strains in the absence and presence of ampicillin at 50 μg/ml and 2.5 μg/ml. Results are averages from at least three replicates, and the error bars represent standard deviations (SD). WT, wild type.