FIG 3.

Effect of artesunate on cell proliferation of mock-infected and JCPyV-infected COS-7 cells in real time. The cells were monitored from the time of seeding up to 96 hpi (A) or 96 hpt (B and C) by an xCELLigence RTCA DP instrument, and the adhesion, together with the number and the size of the cells, was expressed as a cell index. Approximately 24 h after seeding, the cells were infected with conditioned medium or JCPyV for 2 h before the infectious inoculum was removed and replaced by growth medium with or without artesunate at the indicated concentrations (for details, see Materials and Methods). (A) The cell index of mock-infected and JCPyV-infected cells was normalized immediately after infection. The cell index of the untreated and artesunate-treated mock-infected cells (B) and JCPyV-infected cells (C). (B and C) The cell index was normalized immediately after treatment, and the cell index of the untreated cells was set as baseline 0. The mean values ± SDs of 3 to 4 wells (mock infected) and of 2 wells (JCPyV infected) from one representative experiment out of three are shown.