Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Epidemiol Methods. 2012 Aug 29;1(1):55–82. doi: 10.1515/2161-962X.1004

Fig. 6.

Fig. 6

Diagram illustrating effect modification is relative to the outcome: Q may serve as an effect modifier for the effect of A on Y but Q cannot serve as an effect modifier of the effect of A on V.