(A) The SERS electropherogram of the three basic side chain amino acids acids indicates that Arg migrates at tm = 123 ± 4 s, Lys migrates at tm = 146 ± 7 s, and His at tm = 299 ± 9 s. The signal threshold (>4σ) was set to 430 counts. (B) Averaged SERS spectra of (i) Arg, (ii) Lys, and (iii) His were extracted from the electropherogram in (A) between 122.6 and 123.5 s, 146.2 and 147.0 s, and 298.7 and 299.5 s, respectively. The amino acid concentration in this mixture is 3.3×10−4 M.