Figure 3. Performance of engineered bladders in vivo.

A) Gross appearance of MSCs-seeded BAMs immediately after transplantation (0 month) and before retrieval (1 month and 6 months). The anastomosis between native (*) and engineered (**) bladder is indicated by a dashed line. Note that the anastomosis is inconspicuous at 1 and 6 months and that the graft appears normal and well vascularized. B) Representative CMG graphs of animals from normal control group, partial cystectomy (PC) group and MSCs-seeded BAM group. Arrowheads indicate micturition. C) Urodynamic data from all animal tested was plotted and compared using Kruskal-Wallis tests. MSCs-seeded BAMs performed better than unseeded BAMs at 6 months. At 6 months, MSCs-seeded BAMs had restored full bladder capacity when compared to normal controls. NS: not significant. D) Bladder compliance of all animals at 6 months shows that MSC-seeded BAM group outperforms BAM alone group.