Table 2. Prevalence of postoperative pulmonary complications according to each type of surgery.

	Patients	Respiratory failure	Pleural effusion	Atelectasis	Pneumonia	Bronchospasm	Pneumothorax	Number of occurred PPCs	Number of patients who occurred PPCs
Abdominal*	643	36	29	27	17	1	0	110	82
Upper abdominal	254	16	21	15	6	0	0	58	48
Lower abdominal	158	15	7	6	7	1	0	36	22
Laparoscopic abdominal	231	5	1	6	4	0	0	16	12
Orthopedic and spinal	418	15	1	1	8	2	0	27	23
Neurosurgery	323	4	1	0	5	0	0	10	7
Gynecologic and urologic	294	4	1	0	2	0	0	7	5
Head and neck	120	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cardiac	63	4	2	1	1	1	1	10	9
Vascular	56	3	1	0	0	0	0	4	4
Aortic aneurysm repair	29	5	3	6	0	1	0	15	10
Others	113	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total	2059	71	38	35	33	5	1	183	140

*included upper abdominal, lower abdominal, and laparoscopic abdominal surgery.

PPC, postoperative pulmonary complications.

Cases are duplicated.